Immune genes are altered in Alzheimer's patients' blood
A new study has found the immune system in the blood of Alzheimer's patients is epigenetically altered. That means the patients' behavior or environment has caused changes that affect the way their genes work. Many of these altered immune genes are the same ones that increase an individual's risk for Alzheimer's. Scientists now theorize the cause could be a previous viral infection, environmental pollutants or other lifestyle factors and behaviors.
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Surprisingly vibrant color of 12-million-year-old snail shells
Snail shells are often colorful and strikingly patterned. This is due to pigments that are produced in special cells of the snail and stored in the shell in varying concentrations. Fossil shells, on the other hand, are usually pale and inconspicuous because the pigments are very sensitive and have already decomposed. Residues of ancient color patterns are therefore very rare. This makes a new discovery all the more astonishing: researchers found pigments in twelve-million-year-old fossilized snail shells.
How electron spectroscopy measures exciton 'holes'
Semiconductors are ubiquitous in modern technology, working to either enable or prevent the flow of electricity. In order to understand the potential of two-dimensional semiconductors for future computer and photovoltaic technologies, researchers investigated the bond that builds between the electrons and holes contained in these materials. By using a special method to break up the bond between electrons and holes, they were able to gain a microscopic insight into charge transfer processes across a semiconductor interface.
Sensors made from 'frozen smoke' can detect toxic formaldehyde in homes and offices
Researchers have developed a sensor made from 'frozen smoke' that uses artificial intelligence techniques to detect formaldehyde in real time at concentrations as low as eight parts per billion, far beyond the sensitivity of most indoor air quality sensors.
Language barriers could contribute to higher aggression in people with dementia
Immigrants living with dementia were more likely to present with agitation and aggression compared with their non-immigrant counterparts, a new study has found.
Conversion process turns greenhouse gas into ethylene
Engineers have created a more efficient way of converting carbon dioxide into valuable products while simultaneously addressing climate change.
Towards A Better Way of Releasing Hydrogen Stored in Hydrogen Boride Sheets
Hydrogen stored in hydrogen boride sheets can be efficiently released electrochemically, report scientists. Through a series of experiments, they demonstrated that dispersing these sheets in an organic solvent and applying a small voltage is enough to release all the stored hydrogen efficiently. These findings suggest hydrogen boride sheets could soon become a safe and convenient way to store and transport hydrogen, which is a cleaner and more sustainable fuel.
From growing roots, clues to how stem cells decide their fate
Researchers have captured time-lapse videos of stem cells dividing in growing plant roots. By watching how the cells divide in response to certain chemical signals over time, the team is uncovering new clues to how stem cells choose one developmental path over another.
Protein accumulation on fat droplets implicated in late-onset Alzheimer's disease
In an effort five years in the making, researchers describe the interplay between fats and proteins in brain cells and how their dysfunction contributes to the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
New AI tool discovers realistic 'metamaterials' with unusual properties
A coating that can hide objects in plain sight, or an implant that behaves exactly like bone tissue: These extraordinary objects are already made from 'metamaterials'. Researchers have now developed an AI tool that not only can discover such extraordinary materials but also makes them fabrication-ready and durable. This makes it possible to create devices with unprecedented functionalities.
Surprising behavior in one of the least studied mammals in the world
Beaked whales are among the least studied mammals in the world. Now, a new study reveals surprising information about the Baird's beaked whale species.
New adhesive tape picks up and sticks down 2D materials as easily as child's play
A research team has developed a tape that can be used to stick two-dimensional (2D) materials to many different surfaces, in an easy and user-friendly way. Their finding will aid research into and boost production of 2D materials for next-generation devices.
Researchers show classical computers can keep up with, and surpass, their quantum counterparts
A team of scientists has devised means for classical computing to mimic a quantum computing with far fewer resources than previously thought. The scientists' results show that classical computing can be reconfigured to perform faster and more accurate calculations than state-of-the-art quantum computers.
Alien invasion: Non-native earthworms threaten ecosystems
Analysis reveals imported earthworm species have colonized large swaths of North America, and represent a largely overlooked threat to native ecosystems. The researchers warn of the need to better understand and manage the invaders in our midst.
New process allows full recovery of starting materials from tough polymer composites
In a win for chemistry, inventors have designed a closed-loop path for synthesizing an exceptionally tough carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer and later recovering all of its starting materials.
Researchers unveil method to detect 'forever chemicals' in under 3 minutes
PFAS have earned the name 'forever chemicals' with good reason -- the human-made compounds, which can take thousands of years to degrade and are found in everything from grease-resistant food packaging to water-repellent clothing, have made their way into nearly half the U.S. tap water supply.
Technique could improve the sensitivity of quantum sensing devices
A new technique can control a larger number of microscopic defects in a diamond. These defects can be used as qubits for quantum sensing applications, and being able to control a greater number of qubits would improve the sensitivity of such devices.
How one type of lung cancer can transform into another
Lung tumors called adenocarcinomas sometimes respond to initially effective treatments by transforming into a much more aggressive small cell lung cancer (SCLC) that spreads rapidly and has few options for treatment. Researchers have developed a mouse model that illuminates this problematic process, known as histological transformation. The findings advance the understanding of how mutated genes can trigger cancer evolution and suggest targets for more effective treatments.
Health care providers in developing countries know that oral rehydration salts (ORS) are a lifesaving and inexpensive treatment for diarrheal disease, a leading cause of death for children worldwide -- yet few prescribe it. A new study suggests that closing the knowledge gap between what treatments health care providers think patients want and what treatments patients really want could help save half a million lives a year and reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics.
Foul fumes pose pollinator problems
Scientists have discovered that nighttime air pollution -- coming primarily form car exhaust and power plant emissions -- is responsible for a major drop in nighttime pollinator activity. Nitrate radicals (NO3) in the air degrade the scent chemicals released by a common wildflower, drastically reducing the scent-based cues that its chief pollinators rely on to locate the flower. The findings show how nighttime pollution creates a chain of chemical reactions that degrades scent cues, leaving flowers undetectable by smell. The researchers also determined that pollution likely has worldwide impacts on pollination.
Scientists debunk role of 'junk cells' in fight against malaria
Researchers have discovered a previously unknown ability of a group of immune system cells, known as Atypical B cells (ABCs), to fight infectious diseases such as malaria. The scientists say ABCs could also be key to developing new treatments for chronic autoimmune conditions such as lupus.
Physicists capture the first sounds of heat 'sloshing' in a superfluid
For the first time, physicists have captured direct images of 'second sound,' the movement of heat sloshing back and forth within a superfluid. The results will expand scientists' understanding of heat flow in superconductors and neutron stars.
How emotions affect word retrieval in people with aphasia
People with aphasia have more trouble coming up with words they want to use when they're prompted by images and words that carry negative emotional meaning, new research suggests.
Researchers uncover genetic factors for severe Lassa fever
Researchers report the results of the first ever genome-wide association study (GWAS) of a biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) virus. The team found two key human genetic factors that could help explain why some people develop severe Lassa fever, and a set of LARGE1 variants linked to a reduced chance of getting Lassa fever. The work could lay the foundation for better treatments for Lassa fever and other similar diseases. The scientists are already working on a similar genetics study of Ebola susceptibility.
Nanofiber bandages fight infection, speed healing
Researchers have identified a new way to harness the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of a botanical compound to make nanofiber-coated cotton bandages that fight infection and help wounds heal more quickly.
Newly discovered genetic malfunction causes rare lung disease
The absence of a single immune cell receptor has been linked to both fewer defenses against mycobacterial infections, such as TB, and damaging buildup of sticky residue in the lungs.
Why politics bring out the worst in us
In a survey involving a total of 2,472 respondents, researchers asked participants about nonpolitical and political moral behavior and nonpolitical and political moral tolerance. They found people more willing to behave badly in political contexts -- and more willing to tolerate bad behavior among potliticians they support.
Low voice pitch increases standing among strangers
If you're looking for a long-term relationship or to boost your social status, lower your pitch, according to researchers studying the effects of voice pitch on social perceptions. They found that lower voice pitch makes women and men sound more attractive to potential long-term partners, and lower voice pitch in males makes the individual sound more formidable and prestigious among other men.
Ancient pollen trapped in Greenland ice uncovers changes in Canadian forests over 800 years
The Greenland ice sheet lies thousands of miles from North America yet holds clues to the distant continent's environmental history. Nearly two miles thick in places, the ice sheet grows as snow drifts from the sky and builds up over time. But snow isn't the only thing carried in by air currents that swirl around the atmosphere, with microscopic pollen grains and pieces of ash mixing with snowfall and preserving records of the past in the ice. A new study examined these pollen grains and identified how eastern Canada's forests grew, retreated, and changed through time.
New PET tracer detects inflammatory arthritis before symptoms appear
A novel PET imaging technique can noninvasively detect active inflammation in the body before clinical symptoms arise, according to new research. Using a PET tracer that binds to proteins present on activated immune cells, the technique produces images of ongoing inflammation throughout the body, such as rheumatoid arthritis. This makes it easier for physicians to correctly diagnose and treat patients.
Combining materials may support unique superconductivity for quantum computing
A new fusion of materials, each with special electrical properties, has all the components required for a unique type of superconductivity that could provide the basis for more robust quantum computing.
Spiral-shaped lens provides clear vision at a range of distances and lighting conditions
Researchers have developed a spiral-shaped lens that maintains clear focus at different distances in varying light conditions. The new lens works much like progressive lenses used for vision correction but without the distortions typically seen with those lenses. It could help advance contact lens technologies, intraocular implants for cataracts and miniaturized imaging systems.
Protecting the protector boosts plant oil content
Biologists have demonstrated a new way to boost the oil content of plant leaves and seeds. As described in the journal New Phytologist, the scientists identified and successfully altered key portions of a protein that protects newly synthesized oil droplets. The genetic alterations essentially protect the oil-protector protein so more oil can accumulate.
Visualising multiple sclerosis with a new MRI procedure
ETH Zurich researchers have developed a new method of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the early detection and better monitoring of multiple sclerosis (MS). The method maps the myelin sheaths in the brain more precisely than was previously possible. The loss of myelin sheaths is a hallmark of MS. The new MRI method with its special head scanner could also be used by researchers to better visualise other solid tissue types such as connective tissue, tendons and ligaments.
Heart organoids simulate pregestational diabetes-induced congenital heart disease
An advanced human heart organoid system can be used to model embryonic heart development under pregestational diabetes-like conditions, researchers report. The organoids recapitulate hallmarks of pregestational diabetes-induced congenital heart disease found in mice and humans. The findings also showed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and lipid imbalance are critical factors contributing to these disorders, which could be ameliorated with exposure to omega-3s.
Researchers identify potential way to treat genetic epilepsy by replacing 'lost' enzyme
Scientists have found a new treatment target for CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), one of the most common types of genetic epilepsy.
Cutting-edge research converted waste carbon dioxide into a potential precursor for chemicals and carbon-free fuel.
Scientists develop artificial 'worm gut' to break down plastics
A team of scientists has developed an artificial 'worm gut' to break down plastics, offering hope for a nature-inspired method to tackle the global plastic pollution problem.
Ice cores provide first documentation of rapid Antarctic ice loss in the past
Researchers have uncovered the first direct evidence that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet shrunk suddenly and dramatically at the end of the Last Ice Age, around eight thousand years ago. The evidence, contained within an ice core, shows that in one location the ice sheet thinned by 450 meters -- that's more than the height of the Empire State Building -- in just under 200 years.
Patterns of brain connectivity differ between pre-term and term babies
A new scanning study of 390 babies has shown distinct patterns between term and pre-term babies in the moment-to-moment activity and connectivity of brain networks.
AI model as diabetes early warning system when driving
Based solely on driving behavior and head/gaze motion, the newly developed tool recognizes low blood sugar levels.
Benefits of resistance exercise training in treatment of anxiety and depression
A new study has demonstrated the impact resistance exercise training can have in the treatment of anxiety and depressive symptoms.
Pharmacological inhibitor protects nerve cells in ALS disease
A new pharmacological inhibitor can intervene in a central cell death mechanism that is responsible for the death of motor neurons and hence important for the progression of the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neurobiologists examined a neuroprotective molecule that belongs to a novel drug class. It is able to inhibit the interactions of certain proteins and has been successfully tested in a mouse model of ALS and in brain organoids of ALS patients.
A new 'metal swap' method for creating lateral heterostructures of 2D materials
Heterostructures of two-dimensional materials have unique properties. Among them, lateral heterostructures, which can be used to make electronic devices, are challenging to synthesize. To address this, researchers used a new transmetallation technique to fabricate heterostructures with in-plane heterojunctions using Zn3BHT coordination nanosheet. This simple and powerful method enables the fabrication of ultrathin electronic devices for ultralarge-scale integrated circuits, marking a significant step forward for 2D materials research.
Ketamine's promise for severe depression grows, but major questions remain
Using an old anesthesia drug to pull people out of the depths of severe depression has gone from fringe idea to widespread use in just a few years. But major questions remain about who ketamine can help, why some people get relief while others don't, and the costs and benefits of different ways of delivering the drug. New findings just came out from a study that seeks to answer some of those questions.
Scandinavia's first farmers slaughtered the hunter-gatherer population, study finds
Following the arrival of the first farmers in Scandinavia 5,900 years ago, the hunter-gatherer population was wiped out within a few generations, according to a new study. The results, which are contrary to prevailing opinion, are based on DNA analysis of skeletons and teeth found in what is now Denmark.
Contrary to popular belief, the benefits of physical activity do not outweigh the risks of cardiovascular disease associated with drinking sugar-sweetened beverages, according to a new study.
Clues to cancer drug's deadly side effects could make it safer
For some leukemia patients, their only treatment option carries a risk of heart failure.
Are environmental toxins putting future generations at risk?
In a study that signals potential reproductive and health complications in humans, now and for future generations, researchers have concluded that fathers exposed to environmental toxins, notably DDT, may produce sperm with health consequences for their children.
Lifting of federal funding ban tied to increase in gun violence research
The lifting of a two-decade drought in federal funding for firearm injury prevention research was strongly associated with an increase in both clinical trials and publications on gun violence, according to a new report.
Faulty DNA disposal system causes inflammation
Scientists discovered a pathway from mitochondrial DNA replication stress to immune system activation and inflammation, finding that endosomes responsible for disposing of dysfunctional mitochondrial DNA were leaking mitochondrial DNA into the cell and prompting the inflammatory immune response. The pathway provides new targets for therapeutics that disrupt inflammation during aging and disease.
How fruit flies control the brain's 'steering wheel'
A newly discovered neural circuit mediates between navigational brain cells, acting as a sort of mental steering wheel.
Pregnant women should avoid ultraprocessed, fast foods, experts urge
Research shows that phthalates, a class of chemicals associated with plastics, can shed from the wrapping, packaging and even from plastic gloves worn by food handlers into food. Once consumed during pregnancy, the chemicals can get into the bloodstream, through the placenta and then into the fetal bloodstream. The chemical can cause oxidative stress and an inflammatory cascade within the fetus, researchers noted. Previous literature has indicated that exposure to phthalates during pregnancy can increase the risk of low birth weight, preterm birth and child mental health conditions such as autism and ADHD.
Africa could grow more rice -- new study shows how
African demand for rice is projected to more than double during the next 25 years because of population growth and increased rice consumption. A research project shows that the average yield for Africa's rice sector represents less than half the yield that could be achieved with improved agronomic practices. That means African farmers have the ability to significantly increase crop production without tilling more land.
Scientists develop a low-cost device to make cell therapy safer
A tiny microfluidic device can improve cell therapy techniques for spinal cord injury patients. The device can remove a large percentage of stem cells that have not yet fully become spinal cord cells, which could potentially form tumors after being transplanted into a patient.
'Legacy' phosphorus delays water quality improvements in Gulf of Mexico
The same phosphorus that fertilizes the thriving agriculture of the Midwest is also responsible for a vast 'dead zone' in the Gulf of Mexico near the Mississippi Delta. Efforts to reduce the amount of phosphorus that enters the Mississippi River system are underway, but research suggests that remnants of the contaminant are left behind in riverbeds for years after introduction and pose an overlooked -- and lingering -- problem.
Ancient rocks improve understanding of tectonic activity between earthquakes
Rocks once buried deep in ancient subduction zones -- where tectonic plates collide -- could help scientists make better predictions of how these zones behave during the years between major earthquakes, according to a research team.
Scientists code ChatGPT to design new medicine
Inspired by ChatGPT's popularity and wondering if this approach could speed up the drug design process, scientists decided to create their own genAI model. Scientists coded a model to learn a massive dataset of known chemicals, how they bind to target proteins, and the rules and syntax of chemical structure and properties writ large. The end result can generate countless unique molecular structures that follow essential chemical and biological constraints and effectively bind to their targets -- promising to vastly accelerate the process of identifying viable drug candidates for a wide range of diseases, at a fraction of the cost.
Smart earrings can monitor a person's temperature
Researchers introduced the Thermal Earring, a wireless wearable that continuously monitors a user's earlobe temperature. Potential applications include tracking signs of ovulation, stress, eating and exercise. The smart earring prototype is about the size and weight of a small paperclip and has a 28-day battery life.
Researchers are one step closer to diagnosing CTE during life, rather than after death
A new BU CTE Center paper connects cognitive and behavioral symptoms to protein buildup in the brain that marks the disease.